The comprehensive study of quantum states in 2D materials requires the usage of complex experimental techniques of fabrication and characterization. Our group has modern facilities for the fabrication and transfer of 2D materials, optical microscopy, and advanced optical spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures and in magnetic fields.

Fabrication of van der Waals heterostructures

2D materials can be easily fabricated using exfoliation due to the weak out-of-plane van der Waals forces bonding adjacent layers. The exfoliation process is greatly advantaged by the low level of damage caused either to the remaining structure or to the extracted layer.

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Optical spectroscopy

Optical spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the physics of excitons in 2D materials. Our group specializes in absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, nonlinear optical (SHG) spectroscopy, magneto-optical spectroscopy, and photoluminescence imaging among others.

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Magneto-optics

Experiments in the external magnetic field allows observing of higher excitonic states, identifying the origin of excitonic transitions, including interlayer excitons in bilayers and bulk and give information about exciton masses and dielectric properties of various van der Waals material among other.

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Collaborations:

To check the thickness of obtained van der Waals heterostructures with the resolution down to monolayer thick we utilize the atomic force microscope (AFM) at the group of Regine von Klitzing AFM Lab AG von Klitzing

More Information:

“Guide to optical spectroscopy of layered semiconductors”
S Shree, I Paradisanos, X Marie, C Robert, B Urbaszek
Nature Reviews Physics, 3, 39–54 (2021)
PDF (opens in new tab)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-020-00259-1
https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.16872

“The physical origins of Extreme cross-polarization extinction in confocal microscopy”
Meryem Benelajla, Elena Kammann, Bernhard Urbaszek, Khaled Karrai
Physical Review X 11, 021007 (2021)
PDF (opens in new tab)
https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.021007